Steam-turbine.



- Patented July 30, I90]. J. F. BRADY. STEAM TURBINE. (No Model.)

(Application filed Dec. 18, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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STEAM TURBINE.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNITED STATES JOHN F. BRADY, OF CHICAGO, ILIJINCIS.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart Of Letters Patent NO. 679,358, dated July 30,1901.

Application filed December 18, 1899- Serial No. 740,718. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom, it new concern-s Be it known that I, JOHN F. BRADY, acitizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement inSteam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steam-turbines; and my object is to provide aseries of stationary guides in combination with a series of movablesteam expansion-chambers and passageways leading therefrom, whereby veryhigh results are attained in the economical use of steam under highpressure, the same being described hereinafter, and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical axial section,with the pivotal shaft in elevation, of one form of disk steam-turbinein which is shown the application of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a partialcross-section of four series of stationary guides on broken lines 11,Fig. 1, to illustrate several different usual forms of guides adapted todirect the steam in the desired direction to the movableexpansion-chambers. Fig. 3 is a partial cross-section on broken line 11,Fig. 1, of four series of movable expansionchambers adapted to revolvein the same plane and all but one series between the several series ofstationary guides shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a partial section on brokenline 11, Fig. 1, showing the combination of the guidesandexpansion-chambers illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 5 is a verticalaxial section, except a small portion of the ends of the pivotal shaftin elevation, of a cylindrical steam-turbine to illustrate method ofapplying my combination of stationary guides and steamexpansion-chambers to turbines of this class. Fig. 6 is a transversesection on broken line 11 12 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 isa plan of apor-- tionof the turbine illustrated in Fig. 5, with the outer casing and portionsof two expansion-chamber rings broken away to plainly show thecombination of guides and expansion-chambers as applied to cylindricalturbines. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 show, respectively,

front, side, and rear elevations of one of the expansion-chamber ringsfor the cylindrical turbine, with a portion shown broken away in Fig. 9to illustrate the position and relative size of the expansion-chambersand the passageways for steam leading out of them.

Similar letters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

The two forms of steam-turbines illustrated in the drawings are noteither shown or de scribed in every detail, for the reason that in thisinstance they are introduced to more plainly show the adaptability ofthe combination of ordinary stationary vanes or guides with my system ofbuckets or steam expansion-chambers and the passage-ways leading out ofthem tangentially relative to their movement and opposite to the angleof the guides.

In Fig. l is shown the usual form of a disk turbine, which consists oftwo stationary side walls A and B,which are held apart, so as to form aninterspace, by means of a circular marginal case C, which receives thewaste steam and discharges it downwardly into a hollow base and thenceoutwardly. Central bosses D and E are hollow and form the bearings forthe pivotal shaft F. A disk G is firmly mounted upon shaft F, within theillterspace between A and B and at the center of width thereof.

Projecting inwardly around the side walls A and B are four circularseries of guides I-I, each circular series being concentric with shaft Fand each series separated bya circular space from the other, as shown inFig. 2.

At each side of central revoluble disk G project four series of walls,so shaped that four series of expansion-chambers I are formed at eachside of the disk, and each series is separated from the one adjacent byaspace. Each of the expansion-chambers I is provided with a passage-wayleading out of one end and tangentially to the circle of chambers and inan opposite direction to the tangential disposition of guides H, as seenin Fig. 4:.

Steam under pressure is admitted to a central distributing-chamber Jthrough holes K and L and expands outwardly through the tangentialpassage-ways between the first circle of guides H, and thence againstthe front wall of each of the first series of expansion-' chambers I.Thence the steam passes outwardly through the passage-ways of thechambers, and its course is reversed by passing The manner of applyingthis combination of guides and expansion-chambers to steamturbines ofthe cylindrical class is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 10, inclusive, inwhich a multiplecylinder turbine is shown which comprises threesucceeding cylindrical casings M, M, and M which are integral, andaxially through. them is mounted to revolve a shaft N, having threesucceedingdiameters of cylinders mounted thereon and indicated by N, Nand N and each is smaller in diameter than the internal diameter of thecylindrical portion of the casing in which it is mounted, so thatcircular spaces are formed into which project from the casing guides O,as shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. Guides O are each disposed'at an angle tothe center line of shaftN, as shown,

and each ring of guides forming a series is separated from the oneadjacent by a space in i which is disposed the circular series of steamexpansion-chambers P, (shown in Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9, and 10,) and which areattached to the shaft N and revolve with it. Steam is admitted at Q, andhaving a free passage-way around the first or smallest cylinder N ofshaft N passes first between the end guides O at R, then into and out ofthe first series of expansion-chambers P, then between the second circleof guides O, thence into and out of the second circle ofexpansion-chambers P, and so on successively through the succeedingcircles of guides and expansionchambers and out into the Waste-steamspace S, the action of the steam serving to revolve shaft N in thedirection indicated by arrows from at an angle to its movement,substantially as shown and described, would embody my invention, andmore especially is this so if the passage-way leading out of the pocketshould be of such a smallsize in comparison to the pocket or steamexpansion-chamber as isshown in the drawings hereinbefore.

I claim as my-invention- I In a steam-turbine, a revolubly-mountedseries of separated rings of expansion-chambers opening againstthe flowof steam, in combination with a series of separated rings of stationaryseparated vanes or blades with passage-ways for steam between them-sub-,tending an angle to the movement of the expansion chambers, and passageways for steam leading out of the expansion-chambers at an angle totheir movement and contrary to the angles subtended by the passage-waysbetween the vanes or blades, for the purpose stated.

JOHN F. BRADY. Witnesses:

OSCAR SNELL, H. L. BROWN.

